Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency: a systematic review
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005
Each vegan capsule delivers 5000mcg of Vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin, the active coenzyme form found in human blood and tissues, directly usable without conversion. At 5000mcg, passive diffusion alone absorbs approximately 50mcg, effective even for those with reduced intrinsic factor function.
Helps to form red blood cells. Helps in energy metabolism in the body. Helps in the normal function of the immune system. Helps to maintain the body's ability to metabolize nutrients. Health Canada licensed NPN 80070568. Made in Canada. 60 vegan capsules, 60 day supply at 1 capsule per day.
Methylcobalamin is produced synthetically via microbial fermentation and chemical synthesis, yielding pharmaceutical-grade vitamin B12 in the active coenzyme form. It is not derived from animal sources and is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. Methylcobalamin is the form of B12 found naturally in human blood and tissues, identical in structure to the endogenous active form.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential water-soluble vitamin and the largest and most structurally complex of all vitamins. It is unique in containing a metal ion (cobalt) at its centre, which is why it is called cobalamin. B12 is found almost exclusively in animal-derived foods including meat, fish, shellfish, dairy, and eggs. Plant foods do not contain meaningful amounts of bioavailable B12, making supplementation particularly important for vegans and vegetarians. B12 is required for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and normal nervous system function, and works closely with folate (vitamin B9) in one-carbon metabolism.
Cyanocobalamin is the synthetic form used in most B12 supplements and fortified foods. It must be converted to methylcobalamin or adenosylcobalamin in the body before it can be used, releasing a small amount of cyanide in the process (at non-toxic levels). Methylcobalamin is the active coenzyme form found in human blood and tissues and is directly usable without conversion. This formula provides methylcobalamin exclusively, the form the body uses without any intermediate metabolic step.
B12 is absorbed through two distinct mechanisms. The primary mechanism is intrinsic factor (IF) mediated absorption: intrinsic factor is a protein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach lining, and the B12-IF complex is absorbed in the terminal ileum. This mechanism is highly efficient but saturable, absorbing a maximum of approximately 1.5 to 2mcg per meal regardless of dose. The secondary mechanism is passive diffusion: approximately 1% of any oral B12 dose is absorbed by passive diffusion across the intestinal lining, independent of intrinsic factor and without saturation. At 5000mcg, passive diffusion alone absorbs approximately 50mcg, a clinically meaningful amount that does not depend on intrinsic factor function.
Intrinsic factor production can be impaired by aging, autoimmune conditions (pernicious anemia), gastric surgery, atrophic gastritis, and long-term use of proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers. Metformin also reduces B12 absorption in the intestine. When intrinsic factor function is reduced, the high potency 5000mcg dose ensures that passive diffusion alone delivers a meaningful amount of B12, making this formula effective across a wide range of absorption capacities.
Methylcobalamin is the active coenzyme form of B12 required for methionine synthase, the enzyme that converts homocysteine to methionine using a methyl group donated by methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF). This reaction is central to one-carbon metabolism, which supports DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and methylation reactions throughout the body. B12 and folate work together in this pathway, which is why B12 deficiency and folate deficiency produce similar hematological effects (megaloblastic anemia).
Vegans and vegetarians, as B12 is found almost exclusively in animal-derived foods. Older adults, as intrinsic factor production declines with age. Those taking metformin, proton pump inhibitors, or H2 blockers long-term, as these reduce B12 absorption. Those with confirmed low B12 levels who want a high-potency oral supplement. Those who prefer methylcobalamin (active form) over cyanocobalamin (synthetic form requiring conversion).
Non-medicinal ingredients: Magnesium stearate, hypromellose (vegetable capsule shell). Vegan. Non-GMO.
Adults: Take 1 capsule once daily, with or without food. Consult a healthcare practitioner for use beyond 4 months.
Consult a healthcare practitioner for use beyond 4 months. Consult a healthcare practitioner before use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you have diabetes. Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep bottle tightly sealed. Do not use if the seal is broken or missing. Keep out of reach of children.
NPN 80070568. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. All health claims are consistent with Health Canada's Natural Health Products Regulations.
Each vegan capsule delivers 5000mcg of Vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin, the active coenzyme form found in human blood and tissues, directly usable without conversion. At 5000mcg, passive diffusion alone absorbs approximately 50mcg, effective even for those with reduced intrinsic factor function.
Helps to form red blood cells. Helps in energy metabolism in the body. Helps in the normal function of the immune system. Helps to maintain the body's ability to metabolize nutrients. Health Canada licensed NPN 80070568. Made in Canada. 60 vegan capsules, 60 day supply at 1 capsule per day.
Methylcobalamin is produced synthetically via microbial fermentation and chemical synthesis, yielding pharmaceutical-grade vitamin B12 in the active coenzyme form. It is not derived from animal sources and is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. Methylcobalamin is the form of B12 found naturally in human blood and tissues, identical in structure to the endogenous active form.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential water-soluble vitamin and the largest and most structurally complex of all vitamins. It is unique in containing a metal ion (cobalt) at its centre, which is why it is called cobalamin. B12 is found almost exclusively in animal-derived foods including meat, fish, shellfish, dairy, and eggs. Plant foods do not contain meaningful amounts of bioavailable B12, making supplementation particularly important for vegans and vegetarians. B12 is required for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and normal nervous system function, and works closely with folate (vitamin B9) in one-carbon metabolism.
Cyanocobalamin is the synthetic form used in most B12 supplements and fortified foods. It must be converted to methylcobalamin or adenosylcobalamin in the body before it can be used, releasing a small amount of cyanide in the process (at non-toxic levels). Methylcobalamin is the active coenzyme form found in human blood and tissues and is directly usable without conversion. This formula provides methylcobalamin exclusively, the form the body uses without any intermediate metabolic step.
B12 is absorbed through two distinct mechanisms. The primary mechanism is intrinsic factor (IF) mediated absorption: intrinsic factor is a protein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach lining, and the B12-IF complex is absorbed in the terminal ileum. This mechanism is highly efficient but saturable, absorbing a maximum of approximately 1.5 to 2mcg per meal regardless of dose. The secondary mechanism is passive diffusion: approximately 1% of any oral B12 dose is absorbed by passive diffusion across the intestinal lining, independent of intrinsic factor and without saturation. At 5000mcg, passive diffusion alone absorbs approximately 50mcg, a clinically meaningful amount that does not depend on intrinsic factor function.
Intrinsic factor production can be impaired by aging, autoimmune conditions (pernicious anemia), gastric surgery, atrophic gastritis, and long-term use of proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers. Metformin also reduces B12 absorption in the intestine. When intrinsic factor function is reduced, the high potency 5000mcg dose ensures that passive diffusion alone delivers a meaningful amount of B12, making this formula effective across a wide range of absorption capacities.
Methylcobalamin is the active coenzyme form of B12 required for methionine synthase, the enzyme that converts homocysteine to methionine using a methyl group donated by methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF). This reaction is central to one-carbon metabolism, which supports DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and methylation reactions throughout the body. B12 and folate work together in this pathway, which is why B12 deficiency and folate deficiency produce similar hematological effects (megaloblastic anemia).
Vegans and vegetarians, as B12 is found almost exclusively in animal-derived foods. Older adults, as intrinsic factor production declines with age. Those taking metformin, proton pump inhibitors, or H2 blockers long-term, as these reduce B12 absorption. Those with confirmed low B12 levels who want a high-potency oral supplement. Those who prefer methylcobalamin (active form) over cyanocobalamin (synthetic form requiring conversion).
Non-medicinal ingredients: Magnesium stearate, hypromellose (vegetable capsule shell). Vegan. Non-GMO.
Adults: Take 1 capsule once daily, with or without food. Consult a healthcare practitioner for use beyond 4 months.
Consult a healthcare practitioner for use beyond 4 months. Consult a healthcare practitioner before use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you have diabetes. Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep bottle tightly sealed. Do not use if the seal is broken or missing. Keep out of reach of children.
NPN 80070568. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. All health claims are consistent with Health Canada's Natural Health Products Regulations.
Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Servings Per Container: 60
† Daily Value not established
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005
Neural Plasticity, 2013
Nutrients, 2019
Research information is provided for educational purposes and does not replace the product's approved label information.