American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Archives of Internal Medicine, 2000
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial by Vladimir Vuksan at the University of Toronto one of the world's leading researchers on Panax quinquefolius examined the effects of Canadian grown American ginseng on postprandial blood glucose in both non-diabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes. The study found that Panax quinquefolius significantly reduced postprandial glycemia compared to placebo in both groups, with the effect attributed to ginsenosides modulating glucose absorption and insulin sensitivity. This is one of the foundational clinical studies establishing the bioactivity of Ontario-grown Panax quinquefolius ginsenosides directly relevant to the ginsenoside profile of this Ontario grown red ginseng concentrate.
Ginsenoside Rg3: a systematic review of its pharmacological effects
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2012
This systematic review examined the pharmacological properties of ginsenoside Rg3 the marker ginsenoside formed during red ginseng steaming and a key compound in this concentrate. The review comprehensively documented Rg3's biological activities including antioxidant properties, immune modulating effects, and effects on cellular signalling pathways. The review confirmed that Rg3 is formed specifically during the heat processing step of red ginseng production and is not present in unprocessed white ginseng establishing Rg3 as the defining marker compound of red ginseng processing. The findings directly support the significance of the steaming process used to produce this red ginseng concentrate and the relevance of Rg3 as a quality marker.
Effect of root age on ginsenoside content of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003
This study examined how root age affects ginsenoside content and diversity in Panax quinquefolius (North American / Canadian ginseng) directly addressing the rationale for using 6 year old roots in this concentrate. The study found that ginsenoside content and diversity increase significantly with root age in Panax quinquefolius, with older roots containing higher concentrations of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1 ginsenosides. The findings directly support the use of 6 year old Ontario grown roots as the premium maturation stage for Panax quinquefolius ginsenoside content confirming that root age is a critical quality determinant for Canadian ginseng and validating the 6 year cultivation cycle used for this concentrate.